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- "I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live
- for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for
- mine."
-
- John Galt in "Atlas Shrugged", by Ayn Rand
-
-
- AUTHOR
-
- The author is cristy@dupont.com. This software is NOT
- shareware. However, I am interested in who might be using
- it. Please consider sending me a picture postcard of the area
- where you live. Send postcards to
-
- John Cristy
- 5 Middleton Lane
- Landenberg, PA 19350
- USA
-
-
- AVAILABILITY
-
- ImageMagick is available as
-
- ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.6.3.tar.gz
-
- I want ImageMagick to be of high quality, so if you encounter
- a problem I will investigate. However, be sure you are using
- the most recent version from ftp.x.org before submitting any
- bug reports or suggestions.
-
-
- WWW
-
- The official ImageMagick WWW page is
-
- http://www.wizards.dupont.com/cristy/ImageMagick.html
-
- it was created and is maintained by muquit@warm.semcor.com.
- The page is currently a work-in-progress and will mostly be
- complete by July 1995. Another useful ImageMagick WWW page is
-
- http://www.vrl.com/Imaging/
-
- To use display as your external image viewer, edit the global mailcap
- file or your personal mailcap file .mailrc (located at your home
- directory) and put this entry:
-
-
- image/*; display %s
-
-
- UNIX COMPILATION
-
- Type:
-
- gunzip ImageMagick-3.6.3.tar.gz
- tar xvf ImageMagick-3.6.3.tar
- cd ImageMagick
- < edit magick/X.h and verify the RGBColorDatabase define >
- xmkmf
- make Makefiles
- make depend
- make -k
-
- If you do not have gunzip(1), it is available as
- prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/gzip-1.2.4.shar. If you do not have
- xmkmf(1), or if xmkmf(1) fails to produce usable Makefiles,
- type
-
- configure
- make
-
- Finally type:
-
- display images/aquarium.miff
- display -monochrome -dither images/aquarium.miff
-
- The aquarium and other images are available from anonymous FTP
- at ftp.x.org, file
- contrib/applications/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.images.tar.gz.
-
- If the image colors are not correct use this command:
-
- display -visual default images/aquarium.miff
-
- You can find other example images in the 'images' directory.
-
- Be sure to read the manual pages for the display(1), animate(1),
- montage(1), import(1), mogrify(1), identify(1), segment(1),
- combine(1), and convert(1) utilities. Also read the ImageMagick
- frequently asked questions in the file Magick.faq. This is required
- reading. Most of the questions I get via electonic mail are answered
- in this document.
-
- Place display(1) X application defaults in
- /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Display. Use the appropriate name
- for other clients (e.g. Animate, Montage, etc).
-
- The ImageMagick utilities read and write MIFF images. Refer
- to the end of this message for more information about MIFF.
- Use convert(1) to convert images to and from the MIFF format.
-
- ImageMagick utilities recognizes these image formats:
-
- Tag Description
- ----------------------------------------------------
- AVS AVS X image file
- BMP Microsoft Windows bitmap image file
- CMYK Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black bytes
- EPS Adobe Encapsulated Postscript
- FAX Group 3
- FITS Flexible Image Transport System
- GIF Compuserve Graphics image file
- GRAY Raw gray bytes
- HDF Hierarchical Data Format.
- JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group file interchange format
- MAP colormap intensities and indices
- MATTE Raw matte bytes
- MIFF Magick image file format
- MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group digital video
- MTV MTV ray tracer image format
- PCD Photo CD
- PCX ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush file
- PDF Portable Document Format
- PICT Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT file
- PNG Portable Network Graphics
- PNM Portable bitmap
- PS Adobe PostScript file
- PS2 Adobe PostScript Level II file
- RAD Radiance image file
- RGB Raw red, green, and blue bytes
- RLE Utah Raster Toolkit
- SUN SUN Raster image file format
- TGA Truevision Targa image file
- TEXT raw text file; read only
- TIFF Tagged Image File Format
- VICAR Planetary File Format
- VID Visual Image Directory
- VIFF Khoros Visualization image file
- X select image from X server screen
- XC constant image of X server background color
- XBM X11 bitmap
- XPM X11 pixmap
- XWD X11 window dump
- YUV CCIR 601 4:1:1 file.
- YUV3 CCIR 601 4:1:1 files.
-
- and for your convenience automatically converts most of these
- alien image format to MIFF at execution time. However, the
- MIFF image format has several advantages over most image
- formats (i.e. runlength encoding, visual image dorectories, digital
- signature on an image colormap, etc.). ImageMagick is designed to
- exploit these advantages. Whenever possible convert an alien image
- format to the MIFF format before using the various ImageMagick
- programs.
-
- Other formats may also be recognized. See CONVERT(1) for a
- list of valid image formats. You can specify a particular
- image format by prefixing the image filename with the image
- type and a colon (i.e. ps:image).
-
- To further enhance the capabilities of ImageMagick, you may
- want to get these programs or libraries:
-
- o ImageMagick requires GNU's Ghostscript software available
- via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/ghostscript-3.33.tar.gz
-
- to read the Postscript or the Portable Document format. For
- ImageMagick to read Postscript files, gs(1) must be in your
- execution path and the `pbmraw' and `ppmraw' devices must be
- recognized (try gs -h to verify). If they are not defined,
- add them to your DEVICE_DEVS define in your Ghostscript
- Makefile and recompile (i.e. DEVICE_DEVS=x11.dev pbmraw.dev
- ppmraw.dev). For ImageMagick to read Portable Document
- Format files, the PDF language interpreter must be
- recognized (try gs -h to verify). If PDF is not
- interpreted, add pdf.dev to the FEATURE_DEVS define in your
- Ghostscript Makefile and recompile.
-
- o ImageMagick requires the NCSA HDF library
- available via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF/HDF3.3r4/tar/HDF3.3r4.tar.Z
-
- to read and write the HDF image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires the JBIG-Kit software available via anonymous
- FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/doc/ISO/JBIG/jbigkit-0.7.tar.gz
-
- to read the JBIG image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires the Independent JPEG Group's software
- available via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v5b.tar.gz
-
- to read the JPEG image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires the MPEG library available via
- anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.mni.mcgill.ca/pub/mpeg/mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz
- ftp://wpi.wpi.edu/contrib/mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz
-
- to read the MPEG image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires picttoppm from
-
- ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/netpbm-1mar1994.tar.gz
-
- to read Macintosh PICT images.
-
- o ImageMagick requires the PNG and ZLIB library from
-
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/code/pnglib-0.6.tar.gz
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/archiving/zip/zlib/zlib-0.92.tar.gz
-
- to read the PNG image format. PNGlib has a bug. Remove the
- extra rp++ in routine png_write_image of pngwrite.c.
-
- o ImageMagick requires ra_ppm from Greg Ward's Radiance
- software available via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://hobbes.lbl.gov/Radiance2R4.tar.Z
-
- to read the Radiance image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires rawtorle from the Utah Raster Toolkit
- available via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/urt/urt-3.1b.tar.Z-split/part??
-
- to write the RLE image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires Sam Leffler's TIFF software available
- via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://sgi.com/graphics/tiff/tiff-v3.4beta004-tar.gz
-
- to read the TIFF image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires Arnaud Le Hors XPM software available
- via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/xpm-3.4f.tar.gz
-
- to read the XPM image format.
-
- o ImageMagick requires get(1) available via anonymous FTP as
-
- ftp://liege.ics.uci.edu/pub/arcadia/libwww-perl/
-
- or via Mosaic as
-
- http://www.ics.uci.edu/WebSoft/libwww-perl/
-
- to read images specified with a World Wide Web (WWW) uniform
- resource locator (URL). Get(1) must be in /usr/local/bin.
- See WWWcommand in magick/image.h to change its location. If
- you do not have a HTTP server, you can use xtp(1), available
- in the ImageMagick distribution, for URL's whose protocol is
- FTP.
-
- o ImageMagick requires a background texture for the TILE
- format and for the -texture option of montage(1). You can
- use your own or get samples from
-
- http://www.europa.com/~yyz/textures/textures.html
- http://the-tech.mit.edu/cgi-bin/KPT_bgs.pl
-
- To display images in the HDF, JBIG, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, or XPM
- format, get the respective archive and build ImageMagick as follows:
-
- HDF:
- cd ImageMagick
- mkdir hdf
- cd hdf
- zcat HDF3.3r4.tar.Z | tar xvf -
- cp HDF3.3r4/hdf/src/* .
- < edit Makefile; define machine type; for Solaris 2.?
- comment out memory.h in hdf/hdfi.h >
- make libnofortran
- cd ..
-
- JBIG:
- cd ImageMagick
- gunzip -c jbigkit-0.7.tar.gz | tar xvof -
- mv jbigkit jbig
- cd jbig
- make
- cd ..
-
- JPEG:
- cd ImageMagick
- gunzip -c jpegsrc.v5b.tar.gz | tar xvof -
- mv jpeg-5b jpeg
- cd jpeg
- configure CC=cc -with-maxmem=7
- make
- cd ..
-
- MPEG:
- cd ImageMagick
- mkdir mpeg
- cd mpeg
- gunzip -c mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz | tar xvof -
- mv mpeg_lib/* .
- < edit Makefile as instructed; for Solaris use the
- BSD-compatibility libraries or replace bzero with a call to
- memset >
- make
- cd ..
-
- PNG:
- cd ImageMagick
- gunzip -c zlib-1.0.tar.gz | tar xvf -
- cd zlib
- make
- cd ..
- mkdir png
- cd png
- unzip -aL pnglib-1.0.zip
- make
- mv pnglib.a libpng.a
- cd ..
-
- TIFF:
- cd ImageMagick
- gunzip -c tiff-v3.4beta004.src.tar.Z | tar xvof -
- mv tiff-v3.4beta004 tiff
- cd tiff
- configure
- make
- cd ..
-
- XPM:
- cd ImageMagick
- mkdir xpm
- cd xpm
- gunzip -c xpm-3.4f.tar.gz | tar xvof -
- mv xpm-3.4f/lib/* .
- xmkmf
- make
- cd ..
-
- If your computer system supports shared libraries you must
- type
-
- make install
-
- If you do not have root privileges, type this instead
-
- rm libXpm*
- make -f Makefile.noX
-
- Finally, perform the following:
-
- cd ImageMagick
- < edit Magick.tmpl and define Has???? as instructed >
- xmkmf
- make Makefiles
- make clean
- make
-
- If you do not have xmkmf, try
-
- < edit Makefile.in and define Has???? as instructed >
- configure
- make clean
- make -k
-
- You can now display images in the HDF, JPEG, MPEG, TIFF, or
- XPM format.
-
- If you have HDF, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, and XPM sources
- installed as directed above, you can also type
-
- Install sun
-
- Substitute the appropriate machine type (aix, hpux, sgi, etc).
-
-
- VMS COMPILATION
-
- Type
-
- @make
- set display/create/node=node_name::
-
- where node_name is the DECNET X server to contact.
-
- Finally type:
-
- display [.images]aquarium.miff
- display -monochrome -dither [.images]aquarium.miff
-
- Alternatively, get a zipped distribution (with JPEG, MPEG,
- TIFF, and XPM) from
-
- ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/vms/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.6.3.zip
-
- The VMS JPEG, TIFF, and XPM source libraries are available on
- axp.psl.ku.dk in [anonymous.decwindows.lib].
-
- Thanks to pmoreau@cenaath.cena.dgac.fr for supplying
- invaluable help as well as the VMS versions of the JPEG, MPEG,
- TIFF, and XPM libraries.
-
-
- ANIMATION
-
- An example animation sequence is available from anonymous FTP
- at ftp.x.org, file contrib/ImageMagick.animation.tar.gz. Or
- alternatively, you can create this sequence yourself. Just
- look at README in the scenes directory.
-
- To prevent color flashing on visuals that have colormaps,
- animate(1) creates a single colormap from the image sequence.
- This can be rather time consuming. You can speed this
- operation up by reducing the colors in the image before you
- `animate' them. Use mogrify(1) to color reduce the images:
-
- mogrify -colors 256 scenes/dna.[0-9]*
-
- Note, the image sequence in ImageMagick.animation.tar.gz is
- already reduced. Alternatively, you can use a Standard
- Colormap; or a static, direct, or true color visual. You can
- define a Standard Colormap with xstdcmap(1). For example, to
- use the "best" Standard Colormap, type:
-
- xstdcmap -best
- animate -map best scenes/dna.[0-9]*
-
- or to use a true color visual:
-
- animate -visual truecolor scenes/dna.[0-9]*
-
- Image filenames can appear in any order on the command line if
- the scene keyword is specified in the MIFF image. Otherwise
- the images display in the order they appear on the command
- line. A scene is specified when converting from another image
- format to MIFF by using the "scene" option with any filter.
- Be sure to choose a scene number other than zero. For
- example, to convert a TIFF image to a MIFF image as scene #2,
- type:
-
- convert -scene 2 image.tiff image.miff
-
-
- MIFF IMAGE FORMAT
-
- MIFF is an image format which I developed. I like it because
-
- 1) It is machine independent. It can be read on virtually
- any computer. No byte swapping is necessary.
-
- 2) It has a text header. Most image formats are coded in
- binary and you cannot easily tell attributes about the
- image. Use more(1) on MIFF image files and the
- attributes are displayed in text form.
-
- 3) It can handle runlength-encoded images. Although most
- scanned images do not benefit from runlength-encoding,
- most computer-generated images do. Images of mostly
- uniform colors have a high compression ratio and
- therefore take up less memory and disk space.
-
- 4) It allows a scene number to be specified. This allows
- you to specify an animation sequence out-of-order on the
- command line. The correct order is determined by the
- scene number of each image.
-
- 5) MIFF computes a digital signature for colormapped
- images. This is useful for animating a sequence of
- images on a colormapped X server. If all signatures
- match in the image sequence, computing a global colormap
- is not necessary.
-
- 6) There is a `montage' keyword allowing an image to act as
- a visual image directory. See display(1) for more details.
-
- One way to get an image into MIFF format is to use
- convert(1). or read it from an X window using the 'import'
- program. Alternatively, type the necessary header information
- in a file with a text editor. Next, dump the binary bytes
- into another file. Finally, type
-
- cat header binary_image | display -write image.miff -
-
- For example, suppose you have a raw red, green, blue image
- file on disk that is 640 by 480. The header file would look
- like this:
-
- id=ImageMagick columns=640 rows=480 :
-
- The image file would have red, green, blue tuples
- (rgbrgbrgb...).
-
- Refer to the display(1) manual page for more details.
-
- COPYRIGHT
-
- Copyright 1995 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
- software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
- granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice
- appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and
- this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and
- that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company not be
- used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of
- the software without specific, written prior permission. E.
- I. du Pont de Nemours and Company makes no representations
- about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is
- provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
-
- E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties
- with regard to this software, including all implied warranties
- of merchantability and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du
- Pont de Nemours and Company be liable for any special,
- indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever
- resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an
- action of contract, negligence or other tortious action,
- arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of
- this software.
-